Information Security Privacy and Security Issues

Question: Examine about the Information Security for Privacy and Security Issues. Answer: Presentation The Big information is one of the developing regions that are utilized to oversee datasets, whose size is past the ability of usually utilized programming instruments for catching, overseeing and dissecting the measure of information. As indicated by Sagiroglu and Sinanc ( 2013), traditional security frameworks are custom fitted to PC foundations which are bound with very much characterized border of security as the open mists helps huge information in extending. The report underwrites the huge angles that are connected with the security and protection of large information. The substance of the report helps in uncovering the difficulties that are connected with enormous information, significant advancements related with huge information, its applications and their effects. Portrayal about the Privacy and security issues related with Big Data As indicated by Kaisler et al. ( 2013), with the expansion in openness of enormous information, protection just as security concerns are developing step by step. Information sharing has gotten one of the most huge undertakings before the legislative offices, researcher and businessperson. The advances just as instruments are created for dealing with the informational collections which are not intended for legitimate protection or safety efforts. Then again, Kim et al. (2014) contended that the instruments and advances are not joined sufficiently for safety efforts because of absence of preparing and crucial comprehension about the necessity. The methodology of huge information additionally needs sufficient arrangements for guaranteeing consistence with the current methodologies of protection just as security (Hashem et al., 2015). The present innovative headway towards protection or security of information is progressively being penetrated. It is done either purposefully or it happen s incidentally, along these lines the most significant need is to refresh the current methodologies so as to forestall the difficulties and issues that are related with the procedure of information spilling. Difficulties related with Big Data The Big Data is a region of hazard that should be considered as it incorporates lifecycle which is related with the proprietorship just as characterization of information based on assortment and creation methodology and absence of security forms (Riggins Wamba, 2015). As Big Data is one of the critical just as intricate subject it is constantly connected with the difficulties and security issues. The difficulties of Big Data directly affect the structures of security gives that are required for handling the attributes and prerequisites. As per Kshetri (2014), CSA has isolated the various difficulties of enormous information which are related with the protection just as security issues in four distinct parts of the large information biological systems. The viewpoints incorporate security of Infrastructure, Data the board, Data security Reactive security and Integrity. Every one of the perspectives faces part of security issues which incorporates made sure about Distributed Data preparing, Granular reviews, Data security related with Cryptographic arrangements, Secure capacity and Transaction logs related with information and some more (Chaudhuri, 2015). This security just as the difficulties that are connected with the protection of Big Data covers the entire range of the pattern of Big Data, Its wellsprings of information creation, Storage and preparing of information, information transportation and capacity on various gadgets. Then again, Tene and Polonetsky (2012) contended that a particular part of Big informatio n security and protection should be connected with the ascent of web of things. The expansion in the quantity of associated gadgets has driven the producers in the market for brief timeframe for abusing the chance. It helps in giving colossal advantage and chances to the clients who are answerable for security or protection challenges. As per Inukollu et al. (2014), there are many distinguished security issues which are related with the uncertain web interface, deficient confirmation and protect administrations of system. Shaky web interface permits an assailant to misuse the web interface of the organization and along these lines it encourages in unapproved access to control the web of things gadget. Lacking approval likewise raises protection concerns. It permits a programmer to misuse the arrangement of secret word so as to get to the special mode on the gadgets of IoT (Marx, 2013). Shaky system administrations abuses administrations of the gadgets that are connected with the gadgets of Internet of Things. Then again, Grolinger et al. (2014) expressed that couple of more protection concerns or difficulties that are connected with the security arrangement of Big Data. The difficulties are because of uncertain interface of versatile, deficient configurability of security and shaky cloud interface. Because of absen ce of setup, an aggressor can undoubtedly get to the information or have control on the gadgets (Action et al., 2014).It is additionally expressed that without viable security control a programmer or assailant can utilize different vectors, for example, account specification, inadequate verification for getting to information with the assistance of the versatile interface. Depiction of applicable innovations The subject of enormous information envelops numerous patterns which incorporates advancement of new advances that causes the clients to consider and deal with the Big Data appropriately. As indicated by Wu et al. (2014), there is no far reaching Big Data innovation for settling the difficulties on the grounds that the huge information venture organizations are a lot of not quite the same as each other in this way, a demonstrated total accreditation isn't yet given albeit a portion of the merchants like IBM have reported a few projects related with affirmation. Then again, Boyd and Crawford (2012) expressed that hadoop is interchangeable with the term enormous information and it is a lot of acclaimed for giving immense measure of information. The Distributed record arrangement of Hadoop helps in empowering exceptionally versatile just as repetitive stockpiling of information for executing different kinds of undertakings. Expository databases are utilized with the end goal of informat ion handling. A large number of the procedures use connectors so as to coordinate with the arrangement of Hadoop (Dou et al., 2015). The innovation of enormous information is isolated into two parts which are programming and equipment segment. The equipment segment of the structure comprises of foundation layer though the product part or the segment is arranged into the board programming, revelation and examination programming, robotization and choice help programming. As per Kaushik and Jain (2014), Infrastructure is viewed as the establishment of Big Data innovation stack. The principle parts that are a lot of fundamental for the capacity method incorporates standard of the business, servers and systems administration transfer speed of around 10 Gbps. The capacity frameworks are planned in an especially adaptable manner for supporting abilities in memory conveyed frameworks. Then again, Wu et al. (2014) expressed that the layers that are related with the procedures of the product and gets ready both organized just as unstructured investigation helps in removing, normalizing and incorporating information. The models of information the executives and association incorporate RDBMS (Relational Database Management System ) and the NoSQL database the board framework (Action et al., 2014). The database the executives frameworks are structured so as to oversee various kinds of information. Utilization of the advancements As indicated by Grolinger et al. (2014), Apache Hadoop has a few applications in bringing down the cost hindrances that are connected with handling and dissecting of large information. Specialized obstructions remain however the applications that are connected with the Hadoop framework are exceptionally mind boggling. Then again, Boyd and Crawford (2012) expressed that there are numerous utilization of Hadoop framework. It is for the most part utilized in dissecting hazardous dangers, cautioning finishes paperwork for security breaks and furthermore helps in forestalling equipment disappointment. As indicated by Marx (2013), machines make a great deal of data so as to investigate the uses of Hadoop. Catching information from HVAC frameworks helps in recognizing issues with areas and items. Then again, Tene and Polonetsky (2012) contended that hadoop are utilized in spilling ventures, complex occasion preparing, supplanting SAS. So as to make the Hadoop applications available altogether to the associations, the framework should be coordinated for the general progression of information. Talend Open Studio is one of the perfect devices that help in coordinating the application inside the design of information (Chaudhuri, 2015).It aides in giving more implicit connector parts than some other incorporation of information. The connectors help recorded as a hard copy in any configuration, database or stuffed undertaking application. Explanation of Vague Areas As indicated by Kaushik and Jain (2014), notwithstanding of the nearness of Big Data advancements that are accessible in the market, ventures are battling a great deal so as to exploit the large information. It is on the grounds that the associations neglect to satisfy certain criterias which incorporate actualizing system for joining information from various sources and legitimate industrializing of the whole information (Grolinger et al., 2014). Joining innovation stacks for encouraging fruitful viable conglomeration, investigation, ingestion and consolidating information for giving ROI to the usage reason for Big Data. The associations must need to bounce over a portion of the obstacles for executing successful and legitimate systems that must be connected with Big Data. Then again, Riggins and Wamba (2015) expressed that for settling the difficulties the undertakings needs to follow a few stages. It incorporates systematizing issues that are tackled with the assistance of Big Data. The specialists of the endeavor must need to concur upon certain model which helps in clarifying the sort of information that is gathered and its sources from where the information is gathered. The settling methodology likewise incorporates making of right information that

Chapter 2 Exercises & Case Exercises Essay

Activities 1. Think about the announcement: an individual danger operator, similar to a programmer, can be a factor in more than one danger class. On the off chance that a programmer hacks into a system, duplicates a couple of documents, ruins the Web page, and takes Mastercard numbers, what number of various danger classifications does this assault fall into? a. By and large, I accept this assault falls into four significant danger classes: intentional demonstrations of trespass, bargains to licensed innovation, specialized disappointments, and administrative disappointment. Moreover, I accept this assault would be sorted as an intentional demonstration of burglary/trespass which bargains licensed innovation because of specialized and administrative disappointments. b. It appears as this programmer was intentionally causing hurt (for example replicating documents, vandalizing the website page, and burglary of Visa numbers); because of their strategy for section †hacking into a system †it leaves me to accept there were some specialized disappointments, for example, programming vulnerabilities or a snare entryway. Nonetheless, that is only one chance with regards to what could have happened. This could have likewise been an administrative disappointment; state the obscure programmer utilized social designing to get the data to acc ess the system †legitimate arranging and methodology execution could have conceivably frustrated this hacker’s assault. 2. Utilizing the Web, examine Mafiaboy’s misuses. When and how could he bargain destinations? How was he gotten? c. Michael Demon Calce, otherwise called Mafiaboy, was a secondary school understudy from West Island, Quebec, who propelled a progression of exceptionally advanced DDoS (disavowal of-administration) assaults in February 2000 against huge business sites including: Yahoo!, Fifa.com, Amazon.com, Dell, Inc., E*Trade, eBay, and CNN. Calce additionally endeavored to dispatch a progression of synchronous assaults against nine of the thirteen root name servers. d. On February seventh, 2000, Calce focused on Yahoo! With a venture he named â€Å"Rivolta† †which means revolt in Italian. This task used a forswearing of administration digital assault in which servers become over-burden with various kinds of interchanges, to theâ point in which they totally shut down. Calce figured out how to close down the multibillion dollar organization and the web’s top web index for nearly 60 minutes. His objective was to build up predominance for himself and TNT †his cybergroup. Throughout the following week, Calce likewise cut down eBay, CNN, Amazon and Dell by means of the equivalent DDoS assault. e. Calce’s activities were under doubt when the FBI and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police saw posts in an IRC chatroom which boasted/guaranteed obligation regarding the assaults. He turned into the central presume when he professed to have cut down Dell’s site, an assault not yet pitched at that point. Data on the wellspring of the assaults was at first found and answered to the press by Michael Lyle, boss innovation official of Recourse Technologies. Calce at first rejected obligation however later confessed to a large portion of the charges brought against him †the Montreal Youth Court condemned him on September 12, 2001 to eight months of â€Å"open custody,† one year of probation, limited utilization of the Internet, and a little fine. It is evaluated that these assaults caused $1.2 billion dollars in worldwide monetary harms. 3. Quest the Web for the â€Å"The Official Phreaker’s Manual.† What data contained in this manual may help a security overseer to ensure a correspondences framework? f. A security overseer is a master in PC and system security, including the organization of security gadgets, for example, firewalls, just as counseling on general safety efforts. g. Phreaking is a slang term begat to portray the movement of a culture of individuals who study, try different things with, or investigate media transmission frameworks, for example, gear and frameworks associated with open phone systems. Since phone systems have become modernized, phreaking has gotten firmly connected with PC hacking. I. Case of Phreaking: Using different sound frequencies to control a telephone framework. h. Generally, a security executive could utilize this manual to pick up information on terms related with phreaking and the in’s and outs of the procedure (for example how it is executed). Be that as it may, the security overseer should concentrate on Chapter 10 †â€Å"War on Phreaking† †this area (pg 71-73) manages ideas, for example, get to, â€Å"doom,† following, and security. An overseer could figure out this data to secure his/her frameworks from such assaults. 4. The part talked about numerous dangers and vulnerabilities to data security. Utilizing the Web, find in any event two different wellsprings of data on danger and vulnerabilities. Start with www.securityfocus.com and utilize a watchword search on â€Å"threats.† I. http://www.darkreading.com/powerlessness dangers ii. Dull Reading’s Vulnerabilities and Threats Tech Center is your asset for breaking news and data on the most recent potential dangers and specialized vulnerabilities influencing today’s IT condition. Composed for security and IT experts, the Vulnerabilities and Threats Tech Center is intended to give top to bottom data on newfound system and application vulnerabilities, potential cybersecurity adventures, and security look into results j. http://www.symantec.com/security_response/ iii. Our security inquire about bases on the world give unmatched investigation of and insurance from IT security dangers that incorporate malware, security dangers, vulnerabilities, and spam. 5. Utilizing the classifications of dangers referenced in this section, just as the different assaults depicted, survey a few current media sources and recognize instances of each. k. Demonstrations of human mistake or disappointment: iv. Understudies and staff were told in February that about 350,000 of them could have had their government disability numbers and budgetary data uncovered on the web. v. â€Å"It occurred during a redesign of a portion of our IT frameworks. We were updating a server and through human mistake there was a misconfiguration in the setting up of that server,† said UNCC representative, Stephen Ward. l. Bargains to protected innovation: vi. Today we bring updates on activity against a site that provided connections to movies, music and games facilitated on record hosters all around the globe. Specialists state they have charged three people said to be the chairmen of an extremely enormous record sharing site. vii. To get a thought of the gravity nearby police are putting looking into the issue, we can think about some ongoing details. As indicated by US specialists Megaupload, one of the world’s biggest sites at that point, cost rightsholders $500m. GreekDDL (as indicated by Alexa Greece’s 63rd biggest site) supposedly cost rightsholders $85.4m. m. Purposeful demonstrations of undercover work or trespass: viii. The individual liable for one of the most huge breaks in US political history is Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old previous specialized colleague for the CIA and current worker of the protection temporary worker Booz Allen Hamilton. Snowden has been working at the National Security Agency throughout the previous four years as a worker of different outside temporary workers, including Booz Allen and Dell. ix. Snowden will stand out forever as one of America’s most noteworthy informants, close by Daniel Ellsberg and Bradley Manning. He is liable for giving over material from one of the world’s most clandestine association †the NSA. x. Extra, fascinating, read: http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57600000/edward-snowdens-computerized moves despite everything puzzling u.s-government/1. The government’s criminological examination is grappling with Snowden’s clear capacity to overcome shields set up to screen and prevent individuals taking a gander at dat a without legitimate authorization. n. Intentional demonstrations of data blackmail: xi. Programmers professed to have penetrated the frameworks of the Belgian credit supplier Elantis and took steps to distribute private client data if the bank doesn't pay $197,000 before Friday, they said in an announcement presented on Pastebin. Elantis affirmed the information break Thursday, yet the bank said it won't yield to coercion dangers. xii. The programmers guarantee to have caught login qualifications and tables with online credit applications which hold information, for example, complete names, sets of expectations, contact data, ID card numbers and salary figures. xiii. As indicated by the programmers the information was put away unprotected and decoded on the servers. To demonstrate the hack, portions of what they professed to be caught client information were distributed. o. Conscious demonstrations of treachery or vandalism: xiv. Terminated Contractor Kisses Off Fannie Mae With Logic Bomb xv. Rajendrasinh Babubha Makwana, a previous IT temporary worker at Fannie Mae who was terminated for committing a coding error, was accused for this present seven day stretch of putting a â€Å"logic bomb† inside the company’s Urbana, Md., server farm in late October of a year ago. The malware was set to become effective at 9 a.m. EST Saturday what's more, would have handicapped inward observing frameworks as it did its harm. Anybody signing on to Fannie Mae’s Unix server organize after that would have seen the words â€Å"Server Graveyard† show up on their workstation screens. p. Conscious demonstrations of robbery: xvi. Four Russian nationals and a Ukrainian have been accused of running an advanced hacking association that infiltrated PC systems of in excess of twelve significant American and universal enterprises more than seven years, taking and selling at any rate 160 million credit and plastic numbers, bringing about misfortunes of countless dollars. q. Purposeful programming assaults: xvii. China Mafia-Style Hack Attack Drives California Firm to Brink xviii. A gathering of programmers from China pursued a persevering effort of digital badgering against Solid Oak Software Inc., M

Contract Law Questions Essay

Max, an extemporized law understudy set the accompanying notice in the Law Student Gazette: â€Å"For deal †Treital †Law of Contact, ? 5† Brian called Max however he was not at home and Celia, Max’s sweetheart, picked up the phone. Brian asked her whether it was the most recent version. She answered that it was definitely not. Brian then said he would give ? for the book and Celia answered that she was certain that was worthy yet for Brian to ring back later that night. That night Brian called Max. Max revealed to Brian that the book was in brilliant condition and that he would not acknowledge anything short of ? 5 for the book. Brian, be that as it may, didn't hear this due to say the least on the line. The following day Brian called at Max’s house with the ? 4 however Max wouldn't let him have the book Advise Brian 2. D put a notification in a neighborhood paper offering a compensation of ? ,000 to the main individual to move to the highest point of t he monkey puzzle tree in his nursery and snap a picture of D’s garden. On Monday E was climbing the tree when he tumbled off. He was in emergency clinic for four days. On Tuesday, F moved to inside three feet of the highest point of the tree however considered it too risky to even consider proceeding further as he was unreasonably overwhelming for the upper branches. On Wednesday, G was at the top. He was going to snap the picture with the extraordinary camera which G had bought for. Particularly for the reason. D yelled, â€Å"Forget it! There is no cash by any stretch of the imagination. The arrangement is off. † Later that day, D communicate a notice on the nearby radio broadcast advising everybody that the prize was not, at this point an offer. On Thursday, H, the child of D’s neighbor, climbed the tree, snapped the picture and guaranteed the prize. He had not heard the communicates on the neighborhood radio broadcast. On Friday, E came back to the nursery and climbed the tree and snapped the picture. Prompt the gatherings.

The Policy-Making Process - Free Essay Example

The Policy-Making Process Policies are ubiquitous. They practically exist in everything, in everywhere. Needless to say, policies are set of rules, protocols or principles that serve as guide towards an optimistic outcome. Policies may marginally differ in description, specifics and goals depending on the context one may want to put it in but they always hold a common denominator à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to achieve the desired favorable result. Policies are always in place because it is one of the major reasons that keep an organization strong and intact. Imagine an organization without guide, rules or direction. Imagine the devastations of having improper policies to no policy at all. Thinking of the hardships that may arise is already mind-boggling let alone having to face it in an actual setting. Policy-making is clearly not just a walk in the park. There are tons of factors that must be considered in order to come up with a sensible and effective policy. That said, policy-making should be critically done in a step-by-step, detail by detail procedure. Below are the key stages in policy-making process and every stage is packed with essential points to ponder: I. Problem Identification and Agenda Setting The first stage of policy-making process is the identification of the problem. It is very important that the problem be defined clearly. Apparently, unclear problem equates to unclear solution, worse is wasting time addressing a problem that is vague and blurry. There are different techniques out there that involve critical thinking and analyses to clearly define what the problem is so that appropriate solution could be formulated and applied. Listed below are some of the techniques: Observation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this is probably the most basic technique in identifying the problem. Through keen and factual observation, the management or the administrator would be able to anticipate and identify an arising problem. One basic example is in a school or classroom setting, a school head officer notices that a significant number of students consistently come in late to class which affects their learning scope as well as the instructors teaching plan. The school head officer may define or implement a policy with the goal of minimizing and even eliminating tardiness instances. Root Cause Analysis à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this technique is basically asking 5 Whyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s in order to dig deep into the problem until the root cause is finally determined. According to Six Sigma, asking the 5 Whyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is the simplest tool in analyzing a problem. It is most useful to problems that involve human factors and interactions as well as day-to-day business life. [1] Cause Effect Analysis or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fishboneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Diagram à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this technique is majorly designed to identify the causes of a problem. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s alternately called fishbone diagram because of the use of fishbone-like diagram to present cause and effect. The analysis involves brainstorming sessions so as to extract all possible causes of a problem and rate them according to importance. After clearly defining the problem and gathering the essential information through the techniques listed above, the next on the list is to set the agenda. This is the point where the defined problem is recognized and hyped so as to get the policy makersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attention and get it addressed. II. Policy Formation Policy formation is where the negotiation takes place among parties in order to satisfy various interests and eventually build a solid support. Policy formation may vary according to the nature of policy and the organizational structure in which it is made but often includes:[2] assembling information developing arguments developing alternatives persuading others In a health care context, policy formation is said to be influenced by a framework called the health policy triangle which was proposed by Walt and Gibson. The triangle presents a complex inter-relationship among context, actors and process.[3] Source: https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk Where, Actors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" these are the individuals within the organization whose actions affect the policy. Context à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" these are factors that may affect the policy: situational, structural, cultural and international.[4] Content à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the scope of the policy. Process à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the policy-making itself. Generally speaking, policy formation is the stage of policy-making process that involves consideration of the different factors and proposals in order to come up or form a clear cut policy. It is important to bring these factors into the scene so as to address any underlying opportunities that could hinder the implementation of the policy. The framework shown above may or may not apply to the actual setting but it sure informs us that the inter-relationship among the individuals or groups that affects the policy is a key point to take note of. III. Policy Adoption Policy adoption is the stage where the management adopts the policy and put it into recognition and effect. At this stage, the adopted policy may still be subject to revisions or reconstruction based on the inputs or influences of the various interests of involved individuals or groups. IV. Policy implementation Policy implementation is where the action and execution of the plan occur. Lineberry, American Public Policy, described policy implementation as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Policy making is the stage of policy-making between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for the people whom it affects. Also, implementation involves translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an operating, ongoing progr am.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (via macrothink.org)[5] The implementation stage also includes analysis of the possible scenarios that may arise be it best or worst. During this stage, a systematic approach is recommended from the implementation itself through identifying possible scenarios or issues and finally formulating action plans to address them. V. Policy evaluation Evaluation is the last step of the process. In this stage, several questions may be asked to measure or assess the crafted policy. A published study course of the California State University cited some questions which may be used in assessing or evaluating a policy: Was the problem correctly identified? Were all important aspects covered? Were recommendations properly implemented? Is the policy meeting the desired effect? Should there be any need for changes, revisions or redesigning, what should be done differently? According to the study course, if the desired effect of the policy was not met it is either of the two failures known as theory failure and program or implementation failure. [6] Where, Theory failure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this failure occurs when the policy was implemented however did not meet the desired effect or result. Yes, the policy was implemented as intended however it did not hit the specific target. This often occurs when the theory formulated to solve the problem is wrong or is not entirely applicable which may be a cause of not considering all factors that may affect the policy during the formation stage. Implementation failure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this failure occurs when the policy was not successfully implemented or executed. Lack of communication may be one of the causes which results to non-compliance of some of the participants that are expected to comply. [1] Asking à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Why?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  may (n.d.). Retrieved January 31, 2014, from Six Sigma, Six Sigma Tools Templates website, https://www.isixsigma.com/tools-templates/cause-effect/determine-root-cause-5-whys/ [2] Steinbach, Rebecca. (n.d.) Principal Approaches to Policy Formation. HealthKnowledge (Education, CPD and Revalidation from PHAST), https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity- policy/principle-approaches-policy-formation [3] Steinbach, Rebecca. (n.d.) Principal Approaches to Policy Formation. HealthKnowledge (Education, CPD and Revalidation from PHAST), https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity- policy/principle-approaches-policy-formation [4] Steinbach, Rebecca. (n.d.) Principal Approaches to Policy Formation. HealthKnowledge (Education, CPD and Revalidation from PHAST), https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/pub lic-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity- policy/principle-approaches-policy-formation [5] Noruzi, Mohammad Reza Irani, Farhad Nezhad Haj. (2011). Policy Affairs and Policy Implementation Issues; How Policy Implementation Can Be Effective?. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, (1)1, 3-4. Doi: 10.5296/jpag.v1i1.718 [6] Implementation, Monitoring Evaluation (n.d.). Retrieved February 01, 2014 from California State University Long Beach website, https://www.csulb.edu/~msaintg/ppa670/psch9.htm#POLICY EVALUATION

Native Writers And Intellectuals Presented The Time

Raquel Spencer Antebellum black writers and intellectuals presented the time as one that not only required defending the people’s rights to merely exist as citizens in America but also desperately called for proving that blacks were even a part of the human race. With scientific racism emerging out of the 18th century enlightenment, European influences on racial classification had permeated the minds of white slavery advocates and intellectuals. By using techniques simliar to classifying the animal kingdom, racist ideology provided generous and universally accepted rationalization for the popular idea that black men and women were inherently inferior and had natural incapacities. This ideology was used to justify and popularize black†¦show more content†¦For example, environmentalist defenses of the unity of mankind projected that men all have the same human characteristics. â€Å"Rather than equal before god, men were equal before their environment. The fact that all men became da rkened by exposure to the sun was of a significantly different order than the fact that all men came to face the justice of God.† At this point arguments based on overarching spiritual equality of all men would become increasingly rare. In it’s plaee, black ethnology became the main defense used by black thinkers and writers. Black intellectuals on a broad spectrum such as Russwurm, Douglass, Smith, Washington, Pennington, and a plethora of others claimed ancestry to Egypt and Ethiopia. In claiming the glories of both ancient civilizations black writers intended to counter the belief that blacks did not and could not produce any poets, mathemeticians, or anything above servanthood-ready individuals. White counterarguments consisted of two ideas: the curse of Ham and that egyptians were not black, and if there were blacks they were servents. Through the 19th century white southerners often spoke of AAs as the children of Ham and did not invoke this genealogy to tie the b lack race to egypt. white people had identified the Hamites as the negro people and viewed their color as a curse. this view was popular when presenting the negro as inferior by nature and a natural slave. southern

Stereotypes and Stereotyping of Characters of The Great...

The Stereotypical Characters of The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald is well known for being an excellent writer, for expertly describing the Jazz Age, and for having a drinking problem. However, he is not so well known for creating deep and intriguing characters. In The Great Gatsby, the majority of the characters remain one-dimensional and unchanging throughout the novel. They are simply known from the viewpoint of Nick Carraway, the participating narrator. Some insight is given into characters in the form of their dialogue with Nick, however, they never really become deep characters that are known and can be identified with. While all of the participants in the novel arent completely flat, most of the main characters†¦show more content†¦A Southern Belle marries whichever man her daddy tells her to- and that man usually has a great deal of money. Daisy is in love with money, ease, and material luxury, all things a rich Southern Belle grows up with. After her marriage to Tom, she is whisked away to the east, the symbol of old money and corruption of America. Here she becomes more comfortable in she and her husbands abundant assets and allows the corruption of the east to take her over- she becomes reckless and even more materialistic. She treats her own daughter as nothing more than an object to show off and treats Gatsby, the man who dedicated his life to seeking her out, as if he had never existed. The combination of the Southern Belle stereotype along with that of the corrupt Rich Easterner creates the perfect portrait of Daisy Buchanan. Only remember-west of the Mississippi its a little more look, see, act. A little less rationalize, comment, talk. (Fitzgerald) Pioneers of the western home front work hard to find the new opportunities and new lives they know exist for them. They seek out their goals to the bitter end, stopping at nothing in order to achieve their American Dream. They see something they want and they go get it, without really thinking about the reasons why it would or would not work. They are idealists, romantics, and have unfathomable ambition. Gatsby is the West in all senses. He stops at nothing toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Insecurity and Self-Esteem1060 Words   |  5 Pagesculture. The main places in which insecurity permeates from are stereotyping, the media, and worst of all, condemnation by peers. With all these different types ways in which one can be provoked, it is no wonder much of America suffers from low self-esteem. Since America is a large melting-pot of cultures, unfortunately it comes with much stereotyping. Many people simply look at eachother, and based on prior situations, stereotype the person in front of them. While doing so, they dont realizeRead MoreGender Roles In The Great Gatsby1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Gatsby Gender Norms Societal ‘norms’ surrounding gender have continuously remained prominent internationally. 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Nepotism Definition. Define Nepotism - Governmentvs free essay sample

Nepotism is the act of using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family. This is what happens in Mary Barra’s company when her father wants her to bequeath his company to his daughter. There are some pros in the implementation of the nepotism. Firstly, members of one family who work for the same company have time together. Even if they occasionally bicker, working toward a single goal can be a unifying experience. Working with a family member also gives you the opportunity to see your relative in a new light and to appreciate talents you may not have known he possessed. This is what happens between Mary Barra and his father. His father seen Mary Barra grew and he thought that Mary Barra would one day become the CEO of his company and would be the first woman to lead a major U. We will write a custom essay sample on Nepotism Definition. Define Nepotism Governmentvs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S Car Manufacturer.Secondly, building a legacy. A parent who has worked his entire career in order to hand his company off to his children is likely to see nepotism as a good thing. After all, it was one of the things that motivated him to build his company. If his children or other family members are interested in being part of the business, they may see the practice as a good thing too. For example, When Mary Barra was a little, her father always takes her with him to his garage to tinker car. From that time, his father knew that her daughter would be the CEO his company. Then, in 2013, Mary Barra was chosen to lead his father company by Board Member of General Motors. The cons of nepotism are resentments. The difficulty arises when a relative who is unfairly promoted realizes that she is not respected by her co-workers. Once other employees of an organization have determined that the system is unfair and that less talented people are hired solely based on bloodline, there is likely to be resentment and that anger can splash back on the person who was promoted through nepotism. Secondly, potentially of weak employees. It is possible that the company is ill-served when a family member is automatically promoted to a position of authority. If there is someone who could do the job better and could help the company in a more meaningful way, nepotism can put the brakes on growth. Worse yet is when a family member is truly bad at his job but continues to hold it due to his familial relationship. A string of poor hiring choices will erode an organization’s ability to do business. Nepotism is an issue that can be very difficult to control once there are relatives or family members who hold key positions in organizations and who have the influence of who is hired and who is not hired. The term pull string will always be an issue in our society.

Pearl Harbor Essays (1515 words) - Attack On Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor On 7 December 1941 the greatest disaster in United States history occurred. Truly this was and is, A date which will live in infamy.(Costello 1), but not for the bombing of Pearl Harbor, rather for the deception and the mis-guidance used by the Government and Franklin D. Roosevelt. In a purely artificial chess game Roosevelt sacrificed over 2400 American Seamens lives, thanks to his power as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. By over-looking the obvious facts of an attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt was able to control both the political and economic systems of the United States. Most of American society before the Pearl Harbor bombing believed in the idea of isolationism. Franklin D. Roosevelt knew this, and knew the only way in which United States countrymen would take arms and fight in Europes War was to be an overt action against the United States by a member of the Axis Power. Roosevelt also believed Hitler would not declare war on the United States unless he knew they were beatable. There are numerous accounts of actions by Roosevelt and his top armed forces advisors, which reveal they were not only aware of an attack by Japan, but also they were planning on it, and instigating that attack. On 7 October 1940, Lieutenant Commander Arthur H. McCollum, head of the Far East desk of the Office of Naval Intelligence, wrote the eight-action memo. This memo outlined eight different steps the United States could do that he predicted would lead to an attack by Japan on the United States. The day after this memo was giving to Franklin D. Roosevelt, he began to implement these steps. By the time that Japan finally attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, all eight steps had occurred (Willy 1). The eight steps consisted of two main subject areas; the first being a sign of United States military preparedness and threat of attack, the second being a forceful control on Japans trade and economy. The main subject area of the eight-action memo was the sign of United States military preparedness and threat of attack. McCollum called for the United States to make arrangements with both Britain (Action A) and Holland (Action B), for the use of military facilities and acquisition of supplies in both Singapore and Indonesia. He also suggested for the deployment of a division of long-range heavy cruisers (Action D) and two divisions of submarines (Action E) to the Orient. The last key factor McCollum called for was to keep the United States Fleet in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands (Action F). Roosevelt personally took charge of Actions D and E; these actions were called pop up cruises. Roosevelt had this to say about the cruises, I just want them to keep popping up here and there and keep the Japs guessing (Stinnett 9). With the fleet located around Hawaii and particularly in Pearl Harbor a double-sided sword was created; it allowed for quicker deployment times into South Pacif ic Water, but more importantly it lacked many fundamental military needs, and was vulnerable due to its geographic location. To understand the true vulnerability of Pearl Harbor one must look at Oahu, the Hawaiian Island that the military base is located. The North part of the island is all mountains, these mountains hinder the vision of military look out points, making an attack from the North virtually a surprise until the sound of fighter planes are over head. There were many key military needs that were missing from Pearl Harbor, and they were; a lack of training facilities, lack of large-scale ammunition and fuel supplies, lack of support craft such as tugs and repair ships, and a lack of overhaul facilities such as dry-docking and machine shops. Commander in Chief, United States Fleet - Admiral James O. Richardson, was outraged when he was told by President Roosevelt of his plans on keeping the fleet in Hawaiian Waters. Richardson knew of the problems and vulnerability of Pearl Harbor, the safety of his men and warships was paramount. In a luncheon with Roosevelt, Richardson confronted the President, and by doing so ended his military career. Four months later Richardson

De Gaulles veto to British accession to EEC

De Gaulles veto to British accession to EEC Free Online Research Papers Charles de Gaulle, the French president successfully vetoed Britain’s accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1963 and 1967. In this research paper I wish to look at some of the reasons and experiences, which influenced de Gaulle in his decision. But before enlisting the causes let us see why was then a need for a unified Europe. As early as the 19th century significant thinkers of their times, such as Kant, Rousseau, Victor Hugo had their concepts on the degree and nature of union and association European national states were to form in order to ensure economic, political union. After World War I the necessity for some type of European integration to reorganise the European political map became evident. Three facts that led nations towards integration: 1. First, the countries of Europe realised their relative weakness. The war had been a drain on both the Allies and the Axes budget and they couldn’t do without the American Recovery programs to get their economies going (Marshall Plan). The European hegemony in the world had also come to an end leaving two superpowers in the spotlight, the USA and Russian and the coming of a Cold War. 2. Second, any confrontation among European states was believed to be prevented by any means. Basically it was the question of finding the best possible method to make peace between France and Germany. 3. Third, a desire among Europeans to establish a â€Å"freer, fairer and more prosperous continent†. Winston Churchill, the former British Prime Minister, in his Zurich speech in 1946 called for a union of the European states, which was considered the first step towards European integration: â€Å"It is to recreate the European Family, or as much of it as we can, and to provide it with a structure under which it can dwell in peace in safety and in freedom. We must build a kind of United States of Europe †¦ The first step in the recreation of European Family must be a partnership between France and Germany.† Even the United States government was convinced that barriers to free trade had been largely responsible for the international tensions that led to the outbreak of World War II. Moreover the adoption of a free trade policy became a basic condition for any country to receive American economic aid. In 1949 two institutions were established: the great Western military alliance formed together with the USA, that was the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (the NATO) and the Council of Europe, which meant another major step forward. A very influential push in the process of foundation of the European Community was given by the French Foreign Minister, Robert Schuman’s declaration. He suggested that France, Germany and any other European country interested pooling their coal and steel resources: â€Å"the pooling of coal and steel production should immediately provide for the setting up of common foundations for economic development as a first step in the federation of Europe.† After the failure of the European Defence Community (EDC) which existed between 1950 and 1954 the integration process went on with the Treaty of Paris that was signed in April 1951 establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) by six countries: France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Low Countries and Luxembourg. It seemed to be evident that economic integration was the only practical way toward a political union that would be achieved in the long run. The Six met in a conference in Messina in 1955 where they reached such agreements which meant a definitive step in the European construction: in 1957 they signed the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). When the Six established their first major association leading to closer integration, that is ECSE, Britain kept his distance, didn’t join the institution as he felt it wouldn’t bring any benefit compared to its transatlantic and Commonwealth relations. The absence of the United Kingdom constituted a main political problem for the EEC, for which the following reasons can give an explanation: ? The commercial, political and sentimental bonds with the former colonies that were integrated in the Commonwealth were very important for the British. ? The British were against a customs union, though the British government defended the establishment of a free trade area, where internal customs were abolished but the national governments could maintain their competences to enact their own tariffs in case of third countries. ? Britain also opposed the idea of a project whose aim was to give up the sovereignty of national states and surrender to supranational European institutions. The OEEC countries with the leadership of Great Britain in January 1960, who didn’t belong to EEC, formed an alternative association, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), which remained solely at the level of economic cooperation. However, Britain soon discovered that the newly formed association of the Six (EEC) was more successful economically than the EFTA and decided to apply for membership. Britain’s first application happened under the premiership of Harold McMillan, who was in favour of joining the EEC. The negotiations started in 1961 and a provisional agreement was reached in July 1962. However, Britain’s membership was vetoed by the French president, de Gaulle, in January 1963. The official explanation for his veto was that Britain was not European in thinking, that is he couldn’t break away form the Commonwealth and accept the terms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). His unfavourable decision could have been shaped by his relationship with Winston Churchill. At first there was mutual esteem between the two of them based on a different perception of the other, which was due to their culture and their respective situations. Churchill was familiar with French history and had great admiration for it while de Gaulle’s education didn’t incline him towards friendship with the British. Nonetheless, he acknowledged Churchill’s great political and diplomatic experience. The relationship between them had been on a even keel until 1941 when a number of external factors and in particular the entry of the USA into war created tension on their relationship. De Gaulle became extremely sensitive to any Allied interference, especially in France’s colonial empire. The entry of the USA as a powerful ally into World War II also worsened the situation in that that president Roosevelt continued considering France a defeated nation and looking upon de Gaulle as an arrogant, dangerous, blundering adventurer who in no way represented the French. Even Churchill was unable to make Roosevelt change his opinion of de Gaulle and resigned himself to following his political guidelines at the expense of a a closer alliance of Free France and event at the cost of his friendship with the General. In his memoir â€Å" The call of Honour (1955) de Gaulle wrote about this situation that†¦ †Churchill had made for himself a rule to do nothing important except in agreement with Roosevelt. Though he felt †¦the awkwardness of Washington’s methods, though he found it hard to bear the condition of subordination in which United States aid placed the British Empire†¦, Churchill had decided †¦ to bow to the imperious necessity of the American alliance.† Disagreements began to emerge between them especially after two incidents, which ere provide by Allied landing on French soil on both occasions de Gaulle/French were not informed nor included in the operations. These occasional disagreements could also have added to the factors, which influenced him in his negative attitude towards British accession. In may 1943 in a top secret telegram to his ministers from Washington, Churchill said about de Gaulle that â€Å"†he hates England and has left a trail of Anglophobia behind him everywhere† When vetoing Britain’s entry, de Gaulle said that Britain was not European minded enough to break away from the Commonwealth and accept CAP. The other reason included Britain’s close relationship with the US in terms of defence and fear of increasing American influence in case of British interference with European affairs. As for de Gaulle’s ideas of a union, he wished for a Europe without the United States, outside a transatlantic framework. He also had great power aspiration, a concept of a triumvirate (US, GB,F) with nuclear weapons, which idea however wasn’t favoured by the US. When first declining Britain’s request to be member of the EEC, de Gaulle refused this idea of â€Å"Atlantic† Europe. Britain’s second application occurred when Harold Wilson was the Prime Minister. He said in 1966 that now Britain was ready to apply for EEC membership in case certain British interests were secured. The next year saw the beginning of negotiations, however de Gaulle used his veto right again. The official explanation was that Britain was not strong economically and needed to improve before its acceptance but he actually feared the American influence would be felt in European matters. Only after de Gaulle’s resignation because of home affairs opened up the possibility for Britain to join the EEC, which occurred in 1973. Research Papers on De Gaulle’s veto to British accession to EECAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Definition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBringing Democracy to AfricaQuebec and CanadaTwilight of the UAWThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCapital Punishment

Perform a rhetorical analysis of a work of your choosing Essay - 2

Perform a rhetorical analysis of a work of your choosing - Essay Example His words became a basis for us to understand the social and political condition of the era. It was a moment for the blacks and even those whites and others who were subjected to inequality and racial subjugation to see the bright future when all human beings irrespective of their caste, color or creed would be treated equally on all social, political and cultural levels. The speech took the form of political treatise with the words getting a political favor and a rhythmic tone while making the use of imagery, frequent repetition and alliteration. There is simplicity in the speech yet was quite forceful to shake the foundations of the American decrees. The first part espoused not the America of their dreams but shattering nightmares of Americans when they had to face racial abuse in every sphere of their lives. As King proclaimed, â€Å"we can never be satisfied† (226), had deep political overtures which challenged the white ruling government that just mere ‘wordsâ€℠¢ now would have no effect on them and they should get their dues. The second half of the speech took the shape of the verbatim voice further exhibiting the cause of freedom. Now was no time to involve in tranquilizing the spirit of freedom gradually but this was a time of a drastic change and to make promises that would change the lives of each American. Anaphoric device used by King made the speech the most powerful form of expression and increased the rhetorical impact. â€Å"I have a dream† is repeated eight times throughout the text and has become one of the most cited examples of anaphora. Similarly other words like â€Å"Now is the time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in paragraph 6, â€Å"We must†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in paragraph 8, and â€Å"Go back to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in paragraph 14 are all repetitive words intentionally used many times to make the world understand the intensity and depth of what he was speaking. Through these words, he made people realized that these were not merely spoke n words but to put the same into practice. Repetition helps the people to remember the words and also to imbibe them in their mind, heart and soul and King ardently applied this technique to stimulate them to carry the momentum of their struggle forward and towards their successful end. Martin Luther King explicitly implied direct quotations from historical and literary works to give thrust to his speech and at the same time implicitly made use of the allusions to arouse the consciousness of the audience towards his words. â€Å"Five score years ago† in paragraph two of his speech from Gettysburg address had a deep emotional impact as the King spoke just at the Lincoln memorial. Referring to the United States Declaration of Independence, King retorted â€Å"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness† (225) would be the norm in America and from the Jeremiah 2: 13 he urged, â€Å"Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness an d hatred† (225). These pleas allowed the minds of all the listeners to get disposed towards his words as he said even the Declaration of the Independence and constitution had not given them their rights for which they were promised. By making people aware of this document, he insisted his brethren towards the real situation of racism which even after this promissory note was prevalent in their lives. King persuaded all to unite together for a common cause and be judged not by the color of their skin but by their attributes and character. These words created an

Women's studies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women's studies - Assignment Example It can be liposuction which is also known as tummy reduction, breast enlargement and reduction and more popularly, Cosmetic Surgery has been used by the older generation of women who feel that they need to look better than they already do. By this we mean that they want to alter parts of their bodies to slow down the aging process. The most common and most frequent form of cosmetic surgery that is normally performed on these women is abdominoplasty which mainly involves reshaping the abdomen to give it a firm characteristic as well as shape it. The other is the blepharoplasty which is normally the reshaping of the eyelids and the areas around the eye. Aging in the women is normally on the faces and this procedure involves the removal of the excess tissue and in the process reinforcing the muscles. The criticism that is levelled against these women is that they should accept who they really are and should also be proud of their age. The procedure is also considered ethical and immoral as well as one that goes against nature where age cannot be reversed. Women who don’t undergo the procedure are those who are proud of their age and those who feel they are still beautiful despite having grown and matured. My thought on the issue is that if the procedure is not a medical case, it is best to accept who we are as change such as aging is inevitable. Gender reassignment is a surgical procedure where the gender factors of an individual such as the resemblance, the physical appearance as well as the way of life are changed to be like those of the opposite sex. The procedure is normally performed mainly at an early age as therapy and treatment for gender identity disorder or transgender. The person who undergoes the procedure is thus referred to as transgender. The procedure normally involves a series of activities where the genitals are changed

Accounting for Small Business Essay Example for Free

Accounting for Small Business Essay ABSTRACT SMEs play a very important role in Indias economy and have a great potential for strengthening the real sector in India. But there has not been appropriate infrastructure yet which is accounting system to show the business feasibility. Traditional business in Indian Villages had been started by a family and ancestors, but has gotten bigger now. This business has many strengths and weaknesses. Based on the condition and background, the proposed-accounting system has been developed. It has been also successfully tested for a month transaction and revised. Adding knowledge management into accounting system is an alternative way to develop the proposed-accounting system. The four modes of knowledge creation will facilitate the business and its owner to add some modules in accounting system and to reengineer the business process. See more: Distinguish between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping Essay INTRODUCTION: Small business plays a very important role in Indias economy, particularly in aspects increased employment, income generating, economic development. In addition, this sector is considered as a driving force for the rural economy. But until now there are still many problems to hinder the small business growth. Facts in the Asia Pacific region revealed that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) employ about 60 percent of the workforce. Only 10 percent of the total companies in Asia Pacific which is a big business, the rest are SMEs. For India, according to Small Medium Business Corner (SMBC) data in 2012 the numbers of micro, small and medium enterprises develop into 130 Lakhs (http://www.smeindia.net/export_schemes/OverviewofMSME.html) by giving employment to 410 Lakhs people and able to contribute to the total national GDP amounted to 8-9 percent in 2012. Basic problem of management in small business is inability of owners to determine their management style that appropriate with the business need and development stage. In early stage of business, family management style leads to one-man show. According to improvement of business environment, that conventional style could not be pushed longer. Especially in financial management, the business owners could not be able to separate the financial management of business and family yet. Besides, they have not well planned, managed and reported periodically yet. It is caused by there is no appropriate infrastructure which is accounting system. The impact is that the owners of small business have difficulties to cooperate with external such as bank or another financial institution. The owners have difficulties to show their feasibility business when they want to propose credit or make a business contract with another business. Based on the importance of an accounting system, this research results a proposed-accounting system which can be applied by owners of small business in India. The proposed-accounting system is a generic model of purchasing and selling system that should be enhanced according to business need and by refer to the knowledge management approach. LITERATURE REVIEW: ACCOUNTING SYSTEM: According to Gillespie, accounting system is an organization of document, form and report which is managed to provide information for management. Based on that definition, elements of accounting system are documents, forms and reports, but still concern with procedure and internal control. Therefore, proposed-elements in this study will refer to it. SMALL BUSINESS: Under the law of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (2008), definition of SMEs in India is explained by the table below. Based on the definition, the research object is categorized as a small business. DEFINITION OF SMES IN INDIA Enterprises engaged in providing or rendering of services (i) A micro enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in equipment does not exceed Rs. 10 lakh; (ii) A small enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in equipment is more than Rs.10 lakh but does not exceed Rs. 2 crore; and (iii) A medium enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in equipment is more than Rs. 2 crore but does not exceed Rs. 5 crore. Enterprises engaged in the manufacture or production, processing or preservation of goods (i) A micro enterprise is an enterprise where investment in plant and machinery does not exceed Rs. 25 lakh; (ii) A small enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs. 25 lakh but does not exceed Rs. 5 crore; and (iii) A medium enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs.5 crore but does not exceed Rs.10 crore. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT: System development in this study will follow the three main steps a.System analysis: Activities in this stage are initial study, feasibility study, requirement definition, and specification system arrangement. b.System design:   After finishing system analysis, the next activities are system design, system building and system testing. c.System implementation:   Based on system testing, a revised system will be established. Finally, system is implemented and operated. At this stage, company will conduct maintenance activity. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Since this study wants to develop a proposed-accounting system, â€Å"Research and development† approach which is applied in this study is a research program that is followed by a development program. It is a combination of descriptive study that describes the actual phenomenon in an object and exploratory research that develops a proposed -accounting system. A proposed-accounting system is focused on purchasing and selling system since those are the main activities in the business. The location of this study, Traditional small business in Indian Villages, was chosen on purpose, because this business in the Villages has significantly improved in sales and human empowering, also government is paying attention by giving assistantship for both management and technology. Primary data of this study was the results of guided interviews and observation. The steps of this study are designed as follow: a.Initial study Preliminary research was conducted to comprehend previous studies and literature, guided questionnaire drafting, and Traditional business understanding. b.System requirement defining At this stage, the data was obtained by interview with business owners and observation directly to the business. By understanding the research object condition and background, also the strength and weakness, the accounting system requirement could be defined. c.Development of proposed-accounting system At this stage, development of proposed-accounting system was managed by interviews, observation, and group discussion among owners, researcher and government, related to main accounting system elements, which are document, form and report. In its development, knowledge management approach was proposed to use since it can facilitate business daily operation into business standard operation. The result of this stage was a proposed-accounting system. d.Testing and implementation Testing was accomplished by implementing the proposed system to handle a month transactions. Owners and their staff used it to run transactions of purchasing and selling for a month. By running the system, problems were found and then they were used to revise the system. At this stage, a revised-accounting system was established. e.Conclusions and recommendations In the final stage of this study, conclusions and suggestions from all research processes were stated. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: PROFILE OF TRADITIONAL BUSINESS IN INDIAN VILLAGES: India is one of the major exporter and supplier of handicrafts and gift products to the world market. The Indian handicrafts industry is highly labor intensive and decentralized, being spread all across the country in rural and urban areas. The sector is considered as the second largest employment-generating sector after agriculture with numerous artisans engaged in craft work on a part-time basis. The industry offers employment to over 6 million artisans, including a large number of women and people from the weaker sections of society. The present day handicraft tradition of India is a perfect example of assimilation between the traditional designs and modern techniques. The fast growing demand for Indian handicraft and gifts products have made this sector a full-fledged large scale organized industry that is growing day by day. History The rich history of India’s craft tradition has evolved over the centuries offering a legacy of Indian culture promising everything beauty, dignity, form and style. The variety is comprehensive and ranges from age-old stone carvings to modern handicrafts making use of glass flints and mirrors. The most popular crafts, include metalware, earthenware, pottery, sculpting, woodwork, hand-printed textiles and scarves, embroidered and crocheted goods, shawls, zari products, stone carving and imitation jewelry. There is a myriad of art and craft traditions in India that depend on social, economic and regional factors. The present status of the sector in India owes much to the rich crafts history and tradition of the past. Majority of the crafts from the past continues to flourish due to their utilitarian characteristics, availability to the common people and popularity in domestic and global markets. Today, some of the sectors within the craft industry have even become full fledged industries in their own, like carpet weaving, traditional textile (Banarsi silk sari, Chikankari etc), gem cutting and polishing, jewelry making, the world famous diamond cutting and polishing industry, brassware, jute products, etc. The growth of these industries is due to their ever-increasing demand and the popularity of Indian crafts in the domestic market and overseas. Gems and jewelry, carpet making, metalware, leather products, jute products etc. are some industries, which are growing rapidly.

Free Handmaids Tale Essays: The Red Motif :: Handmaids Tale Essays

The Red Motif in The Handmaid's Tale In the dystopian novel "The Handmaid's Tale" written by Margaret Atwood, the recurrent appearance of the color red draws an interesting yet perverse parallel between femininity and violence. The dominant color of the novel, red is associated with all things female. However, red is also the color of blood; death and violence therefore are closely associated with women in this male-dominated ultraconservative government. We are first introduced to the color red when the narrator is describing how she gets dressed: "The red gloves are lying on the bed. Everything except the wings around my face is red; the color blood, which defines us." Here, we are unsure if Atwood is referring to blood as menstrual and feminine, or as the result of disobedience and the violence which results. The women of "Handmaid" are cloaked in red as a reminder of their fertility. However, in the context of Gilead, red is not just menstrual blood or blood resulting from birth; the red is a threat of death. Offred would later say, "I never looked good in red, It's not my color. "Red tulips are also a recurrent image in "The Handmaid's Tale." Tulips, often seen as llonic symbols in many works, can be interpreted this way also. Tulips are women, and red tulips are women cloaked in red, red blood. On page 12 Offred narrates: "The tulips are red, a darker crimson towards the stem, as if they have been cut and are beginning to heal there." If a deeper interpretation of this thought is warranted, I would think the place where the tulip meets the stem in the neck of the woman, and as the government came in and stripped them of all power they "cut off their heads" in a way by depriving them of money, reading materials, and any type of education. Tulips, like the cloaks, are symbols of violence against females in the perverse world of Gilead. A blatant use of red to relate women with violence can be seen on page 32: "But on one bag there's blood, which has seeped through the white cloth, where the mouth must have been. It makes another mouth, a small red one. . . This smile of blood is what fixes the attention finally." The men who are hanging are meant to scare, as Atwood clearly states, yet meant to scare who?

Chains and Sustainable Development Essay

Those of us who preach the gospel of agriculture with evangelical zeal find the text compelling and convincing. We are regularly possessed by the spirit only to look around and see out colleagues, in other sectors, in country management, or even our senior management doubting, yawning or subtly edging towards the door. We face the implicit query, â€Å"If agriculture can do such great things, why have they not yet happened? †1 The past decade has been one of agro-pessimism. The promises that agricultural development seem to hold did not materialise. This pessimism seemed to coincide with pessimism about Sub-Saharan Africa. Especially for Sub-Saharan Africa the hope was that economic development would be brought about by agricultural development. After the success of the green revolution in Asia, the hope was that a similar agricultural miracle would transform African economies. But this hope never materialised, agricultural productivity did not increase much in SSA (figure 1), and worse, the negative effects of the green revolution in Asia became more apparent, such as pesticide overuse and subsequent pollution. Also in Asia the yield increases tapered off. The sceptics put forward several arguments why agriculture is no longer an engine of growth2. For instance, the liberalisation of the 1990s and greater openness to trade has lead to a reduction in the economic potential of the rural sector: cheap imported Chinese plastic buckets out compete the locally produced pottery. On the other hand, it does mean cheaper (imported) supplies. With rapid global technical change and increasingly integrated markets, prices fall faster than yields rise. So, rural incomes fall despite increased productivity if they are net producers3. The integration of rural with urban areas means that healthy young people move out of agriculture, head to town, leaving behind the old, the sick and the dependent. It is often also the men who move to urban areas, leaving women in charge of the farm. This has resulted in the increased sophistication of agricultural markets (and value chains) which excludes traditional smallholders, who are poorly equipped to meet the demanding product specifications and timeliness of delivery required by expanding supermarkets. The natural resource base on which agriculture depends is poor and deteriorating. Productivity growth is therefore increasingly more difficult to achieve. Finally, multiplier effects occur when a change in spending causes a disproportionate change in aggregate demand. Thus an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent. But as GDP rises and the share of agriculture typically decreases, the question is how important these multiplier effects are, especially when significant levels of poverty remain in rural areas, which is the case in middleincome countries. The disappointment with agriculture led many donor organisations to turn away from agriculture, looking instead to areas that would increase the well-being of poor people, such as health and education. Those organisations that still focused on agriculture, such as the CGIAR, were put under pressure to focus more on reducing poverty, besides increasing agricultural productivity. However, since the beginning of the new century, there seems to be a renewed interest in agriculture. A review of major policy documents5, including the well-publicised Sachs report and the Kofi Annan report, show that agriculture is back on the agenda again. The most influential report, however, has been the World Development Report 2008 of the World Bank6. This report argues that growth in the agricultural sector 1 contributes proportionally more to poverty reduction than growth in any other economic sector and that therefore alone, the focus should be on the agricultural sector when achieving to reach MDG 1. A reassessment of the role of agriculture in development seems to be required. This policy paper addresses several timely though complex questions: †¢ First, how can or does agriculture contribute to economic development, and in particular how does it relate to poverty? †¢ Second, the agricultural sector has changed considerably in the past decades: what are the main drivers of this change? †¢ Third, what is the relationship between economic or agricultural growth and pro-poor development? †¢ Fourth, how does agriculture relate to other sectors in the economy? †¢ Fifth, who is included and who is excluded in agricultural development, specifically focusing on small farms? †¢ And finally, if agricultural development is indeed important to economic development, then why, despite all the efforts and investments, has this not led to more successes? 2. Agriculture and economic growth This section presents a number of factual observations describing how the agricultural sector changed in terms of productivity, contribution to economic growth, and indicating the relevance of the agricultural sector for poverty alleviation in different regions. Background: some facts In the discussion of the role of agriculture in economic development, a leading question is how agriculture contributes to economic growth, and especially to pro-poor growth. There seems to be a paradox in the role of agriculture in economic development. The share of agriculture contributing to GDP is declining over the years (see figure 1). At the same time, the productivity of for instance cereal yields has been increasing (see figure 2). It seems that as agriculture becomes more successful, its importance declines in the overall economy. Of course, other sectors in the economy can be even more successful, such as the Asian Tigers.

Relationship Between Ethnic Minority And Women And The...

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Deceit and manipulation are the main features to this personality disorder. An associate professor of Psychology and Neuroscience from the University of New Mexico, and a District Judge from Denver, Colorado, stated in The Criminal Psychopath: History, Neuroscience, Treatment, and Economics, that individuals with psychopathic personality have a disproportionate impact on the criminal justice system (Kiehl and Hoffman, 2011). Psychopaths are 20 to 25 times more likely than non-psychopaths to be in prison and areShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Enzo Colombo s Article Reflections On Race, Diversity, And The Crossroads Of Multiculturalism 865 Words   |  4 PagesEveryday, we as human beings see men and women of different races and colors going about life. Some of these people are celebrities, our coworkers, and friends. People that are of different ethnic diversity than white Europeans are seen as the minority. 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