Information Security Privacy and Security Issues

Question: Examine about the Information Security for Privacy and Security Issues. Answer: Presentation The Big information is one of the developing regions that are utilized to oversee datasets, whose size is past the ability of usually utilized programming instruments for catching, overseeing and dissecting the measure of information. As indicated by Sagiroglu and Sinanc ( 2013), traditional security frameworks are custom fitted to PC foundations which are bound with very much characterized border of security as the open mists helps huge information in extending. The report underwrites the huge angles that are connected with the security and protection of large information. The substance of the report helps in uncovering the difficulties that are connected with enormous information, significant advancements related with huge information, its applications and their effects. Portrayal about the Privacy and security issues related with Big Data As indicated by Kaisler et al. ( 2013), with the expansion in openness of enormous information, protection just as security concerns are developing step by step. Information sharing has gotten one of the most huge undertakings before the legislative offices, researcher and businessperson. The advances just as instruments are created for dealing with the informational collections which are not intended for legitimate protection or safety efforts. Then again, Kim et al. (2014) contended that the instruments and advances are not joined sufficiently for safety efforts because of absence of preparing and crucial comprehension about the necessity. The methodology of huge information additionally needs sufficient arrangements for guaranteeing consistence with the current methodologies of protection just as security (Hashem et al., 2015). The present innovative headway towards protection or security of information is progressively being penetrated. It is done either purposefully or it happen s incidentally, along these lines the most significant need is to refresh the current methodologies so as to forestall the difficulties and issues that are related with the procedure of information spilling. Difficulties related with Big Data The Big Data is a region of hazard that should be considered as it incorporates lifecycle which is related with the proprietorship just as characterization of information based on assortment and creation methodology and absence of security forms (Riggins Wamba, 2015). As Big Data is one of the critical just as intricate subject it is constantly connected with the difficulties and security issues. The difficulties of Big Data directly affect the structures of security gives that are required for handling the attributes and prerequisites. As per Kshetri (2014), CSA has isolated the various difficulties of enormous information which are related with the protection just as security issues in four distinct parts of the large information biological systems. The viewpoints incorporate security of Infrastructure, Data the board, Data security Reactive security and Integrity. Every one of the perspectives faces part of security issues which incorporates made sure about Distributed Data preparing, Granular reviews, Data security related with Cryptographic arrangements, Secure capacity and Transaction logs related with information and some more (Chaudhuri, 2015). This security just as the difficulties that are connected with the protection of Big Data covers the entire range of the pattern of Big Data, Its wellsprings of information creation, Storage and preparing of information, information transportation and capacity on various gadgets. Then again, Tene and Polonetsky (2012) contended that a particular part of Big informatio n security and protection should be connected with the ascent of web of things. The expansion in the quantity of associated gadgets has driven the producers in the market for brief timeframe for abusing the chance. It helps in giving colossal advantage and chances to the clients who are answerable for security or protection challenges. As per Inukollu et al. (2014), there are many distinguished security issues which are related with the uncertain web interface, deficient confirmation and protect administrations of system. Shaky web interface permits an assailant to misuse the web interface of the organization and along these lines it encourages in unapproved access to control the web of things gadget. Lacking approval likewise raises protection concerns. It permits a programmer to misuse the arrangement of secret word so as to get to the special mode on the gadgets of IoT (Marx, 2013). Shaky system administrations abuses administrations of the gadgets that are connected with the gadgets of Internet of Things. Then again, Grolinger et al. (2014) expressed that couple of more protection concerns or difficulties that are connected with the security arrangement of Big Data. The difficulties are because of uncertain interface of versatile, deficient configurability of security and shaky cloud interface. Because of absen ce of setup, an aggressor can undoubtedly get to the information or have control on the gadgets (Action et al., 2014).It is additionally expressed that without viable security control a programmer or assailant can utilize different vectors, for example, account specification, inadequate verification for getting to information with the assistance of the versatile interface. Depiction of applicable innovations The subject of enormous information envelops numerous patterns which incorporates advancement of new advances that causes the clients to consider and deal with the Big Data appropriately. As indicated by Wu et al. (2014), there is no far reaching Big Data innovation for settling the difficulties on the grounds that the huge information venture organizations are a lot of not quite the same as each other in this way, a demonstrated total accreditation isn't yet given albeit a portion of the merchants like IBM have reported a few projects related with affirmation. Then again, Boyd and Crawford (2012) expressed that hadoop is interchangeable with the term enormous information and it is a lot of acclaimed for giving immense measure of information. The Distributed record arrangement of Hadoop helps in empowering exceptionally versatile just as repetitive stockpiling of information for executing different kinds of undertakings. Expository databases are utilized with the end goal of informat ion handling. A large number of the procedures use connectors so as to coordinate with the arrangement of Hadoop (Dou et al., 2015). The innovation of enormous information is isolated into two parts which are programming and equipment segment. The equipment segment of the structure comprises of foundation layer though the product part or the segment is arranged into the board programming, revelation and examination programming, robotization and choice help programming. As per Kaushik and Jain (2014), Infrastructure is viewed as the establishment of Big Data innovation stack. The principle parts that are a lot of fundamental for the capacity method incorporates standard of the business, servers and systems administration transfer speed of around 10 Gbps. The capacity frameworks are planned in an especially adaptable manner for supporting abilities in memory conveyed frameworks. Then again, Wu et al. (2014) expressed that the layers that are related with the procedures of the product and gets ready both organized just as unstructured investigation helps in removing, normalizing and incorporating information. The models of information the executives and association incorporate RDBMS (Relational Database Management System ) and the NoSQL database the board framework (Action et al., 2014). The database the executives frameworks are structured so as to oversee various kinds of information. Utilization of the advancements As indicated by Grolinger et al. (2014), Apache Hadoop has a few applications in bringing down the cost hindrances that are connected with handling and dissecting of large information. Specialized obstructions remain however the applications that are connected with the Hadoop framework are exceptionally mind boggling. Then again, Boyd and Crawford (2012) expressed that there are numerous utilization of Hadoop framework. It is for the most part utilized in dissecting hazardous dangers, cautioning finishes paperwork for security breaks and furthermore helps in forestalling equipment disappointment. As indicated by Marx (2013), machines make a great deal of data so as to investigate the uses of Hadoop. Catching information from HVAC frameworks helps in recognizing issues with areas and items. Then again, Tene and Polonetsky (2012) contended that hadoop are utilized in spilling ventures, complex occasion preparing, supplanting SAS. So as to make the Hadoop applications available altogether to the associations, the framework should be coordinated for the general progression of information. Talend Open Studio is one of the perfect devices that help in coordinating the application inside the design of information (Chaudhuri, 2015).It aides in giving more implicit connector parts than some other incorporation of information. The connectors help recorded as a hard copy in any configuration, database or stuffed undertaking application. Explanation of Vague Areas As indicated by Kaushik and Jain (2014), notwithstanding of the nearness of Big Data advancements that are accessible in the market, ventures are battling a great deal so as to exploit the large information. It is on the grounds that the associations neglect to satisfy certain criterias which incorporate actualizing system for joining information from various sources and legitimate industrializing of the whole information (Grolinger et al., 2014). Joining innovation stacks for encouraging fruitful viable conglomeration, investigation, ingestion and consolidating information for giving ROI to the usage reason for Big Data. The associations must need to bounce over a portion of the obstacles for executing successful and legitimate systems that must be connected with Big Data. Then again, Riggins and Wamba (2015) expressed that for settling the difficulties the undertakings needs to follow a few stages. It incorporates systematizing issues that are tackled with the assistance of Big Data. The specialists of the endeavor must need to concur upon certain model which helps in clarifying the sort of information that is gathered and its sources from where the information is gathered. The settling methodology likewise incorporates making of right information that

Chapter 2 Exercises & Case Exercises Essay

Activities 1. Think about the announcement: an individual danger operator, similar to a programmer, can be a factor in more than one danger class. On the off chance that a programmer hacks into a system, duplicates a couple of documents, ruins the Web page, and takes Mastercard numbers, what number of various danger classifications does this assault fall into? a. By and large, I accept this assault falls into four significant danger classes: intentional demonstrations of trespass, bargains to licensed innovation, specialized disappointments, and administrative disappointment. Moreover, I accept this assault would be sorted as an intentional demonstration of burglary/trespass which bargains licensed innovation because of specialized and administrative disappointments. b. It appears as this programmer was intentionally causing hurt (for example replicating documents, vandalizing the website page, and burglary of Visa numbers); because of their strategy for section †hacking into a system †it leaves me to accept there were some specialized disappointments, for example, programming vulnerabilities or a snare entryway. Nonetheless, that is only one chance with regards to what could have happened. This could have likewise been an administrative disappointment; state the obscure programmer utilized social designing to get the data to acc ess the system †legitimate arranging and methodology execution could have conceivably frustrated this hacker’s assault. 2. Utilizing the Web, examine Mafiaboy’s misuses. When and how could he bargain destinations? How was he gotten? c. Michael Demon Calce, otherwise called Mafiaboy, was a secondary school understudy from West Island, Quebec, who propelled a progression of exceptionally advanced DDoS (disavowal of-administration) assaults in February 2000 against huge business sites including: Yahoo!, Fifa.com, Amazon.com, Dell, Inc., E*Trade, eBay, and CNN. Calce additionally endeavored to dispatch a progression of synchronous assaults against nine of the thirteen root name servers. d. On February seventh, 2000, Calce focused on Yahoo! With a venture he named â€Å"Rivolta† †which means revolt in Italian. This task used a forswearing of administration digital assault in which servers become over-burden with various kinds of interchanges, to theâ point in which they totally shut down. Calce figured out how to close down the multibillion dollar organization and the web’s top web index for nearly 60 minutes. His objective was to build up predominance for himself and TNT †his cybergroup. Throughout the following week, Calce likewise cut down eBay, CNN, Amazon and Dell by means of the equivalent DDoS assault. e. Calce’s activities were under doubt when the FBI and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police saw posts in an IRC chatroom which boasted/guaranteed obligation regarding the assaults. He turned into the central presume when he professed to have cut down Dell’s site, an assault not yet pitched at that point. Data on the wellspring of the assaults was at first found and answered to the press by Michael Lyle, boss innovation official of Recourse Technologies. Calce at first rejected obligation however later confessed to a large portion of the charges brought against him †the Montreal Youth Court condemned him on September 12, 2001 to eight months of â€Å"open custody,† one year of probation, limited utilization of the Internet, and a little fine. It is evaluated that these assaults caused $1.2 billion dollars in worldwide monetary harms. 3. Quest the Web for the â€Å"The Official Phreaker’s Manual.† What data contained in this manual may help a security overseer to ensure a correspondences framework? f. A security overseer is a master in PC and system security, including the organization of security gadgets, for example, firewalls, just as counseling on general safety efforts. g. Phreaking is a slang term begat to portray the movement of a culture of individuals who study, try different things with, or investigate media transmission frameworks, for example, gear and frameworks associated with open phone systems. Since phone systems have become modernized, phreaking has gotten firmly connected with PC hacking. I. Case of Phreaking: Using different sound frequencies to control a telephone framework. h. Generally, a security executive could utilize this manual to pick up information on terms related with phreaking and the in’s and outs of the procedure (for example how it is executed). Be that as it may, the security overseer should concentrate on Chapter 10 †â€Å"War on Phreaking† †this area (pg 71-73) manages ideas, for example, get to, â€Å"doom,† following, and security. An overseer could figure out this data to secure his/her frameworks from such assaults. 4. The part talked about numerous dangers and vulnerabilities to data security. Utilizing the Web, find in any event two different wellsprings of data on danger and vulnerabilities. Start with www.securityfocus.com and utilize a watchword search on â€Å"threats.† I. http://www.darkreading.com/powerlessness dangers ii. Dull Reading’s Vulnerabilities and Threats Tech Center is your asset for breaking news and data on the most recent potential dangers and specialized vulnerabilities influencing today’s IT condition. Composed for security and IT experts, the Vulnerabilities and Threats Tech Center is intended to give top to bottom data on newfound system and application vulnerabilities, potential cybersecurity adventures, and security look into results j. http://www.symantec.com/security_response/ iii. Our security inquire about bases on the world give unmatched investigation of and insurance from IT security dangers that incorporate malware, security dangers, vulnerabilities, and spam. 5. Utilizing the classifications of dangers referenced in this section, just as the different assaults depicted, survey a few current media sources and recognize instances of each. k. Demonstrations of human mistake or disappointment: iv. Understudies and staff were told in February that about 350,000 of them could have had their government disability numbers and budgetary data uncovered on the web. v. â€Å"It occurred during a redesign of a portion of our IT frameworks. We were updating a server and through human mistake there was a misconfiguration in the setting up of that server,† said UNCC representative, Stephen Ward. l. Bargains to protected innovation: vi. Today we bring updates on activity against a site that provided connections to movies, music and games facilitated on record hosters all around the globe. Specialists state they have charged three people said to be the chairmen of an extremely enormous record sharing site. vii. To get a thought of the gravity nearby police are putting looking into the issue, we can think about some ongoing details. As indicated by US specialists Megaupload, one of the world’s biggest sites at that point, cost rightsholders $500m. GreekDDL (as indicated by Alexa Greece’s 63rd biggest site) supposedly cost rightsholders $85.4m. m. Purposeful demonstrations of undercover work or trespass: viii. The individual liable for one of the most huge breaks in US political history is Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old previous specialized colleague for the CIA and current worker of the protection temporary worker Booz Allen Hamilton. Snowden has been working at the National Security Agency throughout the previous four years as a worker of different outside temporary workers, including Booz Allen and Dell. ix. Snowden will stand out forever as one of America’s most noteworthy informants, close by Daniel Ellsberg and Bradley Manning. He is liable for giving over material from one of the world’s most clandestine association †the NSA. x. Extra, fascinating, read: http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57600000/edward-snowdens-computerized moves despite everything puzzling u.s-government/1. The government’s criminological examination is grappling with Snowden’s clear capacity to overcome shields set up to screen and prevent individuals taking a gander at dat a without legitimate authorization. n. Intentional demonstrations of data blackmail: xi. Programmers professed to have penetrated the frameworks of the Belgian credit supplier Elantis and took steps to distribute private client data if the bank doesn't pay $197,000 before Friday, they said in an announcement presented on Pastebin. Elantis affirmed the information break Thursday, yet the bank said it won't yield to coercion dangers. xii. The programmers guarantee to have caught login qualifications and tables with online credit applications which hold information, for example, complete names, sets of expectations, contact data, ID card numbers and salary figures. xiii. As indicated by the programmers the information was put away unprotected and decoded on the servers. To demonstrate the hack, portions of what they professed to be caught client information were distributed. o. Conscious demonstrations of treachery or vandalism: xiv. Terminated Contractor Kisses Off Fannie Mae With Logic Bomb xv. Rajendrasinh Babubha Makwana, a previous IT temporary worker at Fannie Mae who was terminated for committing a coding error, was accused for this present seven day stretch of putting a â€Å"logic bomb† inside the company’s Urbana, Md., server farm in late October of a year ago. The malware was set to become effective at 9 a.m. EST Saturday what's more, would have handicapped inward observing frameworks as it did its harm. Anybody signing on to Fannie Mae’s Unix server organize after that would have seen the words â€Å"Server Graveyard† show up on their workstation screens. p. Conscious demonstrations of robbery: xvi. Four Russian nationals and a Ukrainian have been accused of running an advanced hacking association that infiltrated PC systems of in excess of twelve significant American and universal enterprises more than seven years, taking and selling at any rate 160 million credit and plastic numbers, bringing about misfortunes of countless dollars. q. Purposeful programming assaults: xvii. China Mafia-Style Hack Attack Drives California Firm to Brink xviii. A gathering of programmers from China pursued a persevering effort of digital badgering against Solid Oak Software Inc., M

Contract Law Questions Essay

Max, an extemporized law understudy set the accompanying notice in the Law Student Gazette: â€Å"For deal †Treital †Law of Contact, ? 5† Brian called Max however he was not at home and Celia, Max’s sweetheart, picked up the phone. Brian asked her whether it was the most recent version. She answered that it was definitely not. Brian then said he would give ? for the book and Celia answered that she was certain that was worthy yet for Brian to ring back later that night. That night Brian called Max. Max revealed to Brian that the book was in brilliant condition and that he would not acknowledge anything short of ? 5 for the book. Brian, be that as it may, didn't hear this due to say the least on the line. The following day Brian called at Max’s house with the ? 4 however Max wouldn't let him have the book Advise Brian 2. D put a notification in a neighborhood paper offering a compensation of ? ,000 to the main individual to move to the highest point of t he monkey puzzle tree in his nursery and snap a picture of D’s garden. On Monday E was climbing the tree when he tumbled off. He was in emergency clinic for four days. On Tuesday, F moved to inside three feet of the highest point of the tree however considered it too risky to even consider proceeding further as he was unreasonably overwhelming for the upper branches. On Wednesday, G was at the top. He was going to snap the picture with the extraordinary camera which G had bought for. Particularly for the reason. D yelled, â€Å"Forget it! There is no cash by any stretch of the imagination. The arrangement is off. † Later that day, D communicate a notice on the nearby radio broadcast advising everybody that the prize was not, at this point an offer. On Thursday, H, the child of D’s neighbor, climbed the tree, snapped the picture and guaranteed the prize. He had not heard the communicates on the neighborhood radio broadcast. On Friday, E came back to the nursery and climbed the tree and snapped the picture. Prompt the gatherings.

The Policy-Making Process - Free Essay Example

The Policy-Making Process Policies are ubiquitous. They practically exist in everything, in everywhere. Needless to say, policies are set of rules, protocols or principles that serve as guide towards an optimistic outcome. Policies may marginally differ in description, specifics and goals depending on the context one may want to put it in but they always hold a common denominator à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to achieve the desired favorable result. Policies are always in place because it is one of the major reasons that keep an organization strong and intact. Imagine an organization without guide, rules or direction. Imagine the devastations of having improper policies to no policy at all. Thinking of the hardships that may arise is already mind-boggling let alone having to face it in an actual setting. Policy-making is clearly not just a walk in the park. There are tons of factors that must be considered in order to come up with a sensible and effective policy. That said, policy-making should be critically done in a step-by-step, detail by detail procedure. Below are the key stages in policy-making process and every stage is packed with essential points to ponder: I. Problem Identification and Agenda Setting The first stage of policy-making process is the identification of the problem. It is very important that the problem be defined clearly. Apparently, unclear problem equates to unclear solution, worse is wasting time addressing a problem that is vague and blurry. There are different techniques out there that involve critical thinking and analyses to clearly define what the problem is so that appropriate solution could be formulated and applied. Listed below are some of the techniques: Observation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this is probably the most basic technique in identifying the problem. Through keen and factual observation, the management or the administrator would be able to anticipate and identify an arising problem. One basic example is in a school or classroom setting, a school head officer notices that a significant number of students consistently come in late to class which affects their learning scope as well as the instructors teaching plan. The school head officer may define or implement a policy with the goal of minimizing and even eliminating tardiness instances. Root Cause Analysis à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this technique is basically asking 5 Whyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s in order to dig deep into the problem until the root cause is finally determined. According to Six Sigma, asking the 5 Whyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is the simplest tool in analyzing a problem. It is most useful to problems that involve human factors and interactions as well as day-to-day business life. [1] Cause Effect Analysis or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fishboneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Diagram à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this technique is majorly designed to identify the causes of a problem. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s alternately called fishbone diagram because of the use of fishbone-like diagram to present cause and effect. The analysis involves brainstorming sessions so as to extract all possible causes of a problem and rate them according to importance. After clearly defining the problem and gathering the essential information through the techniques listed above, the next on the list is to set the agenda. This is the point where the defined problem is recognized and hyped so as to get the policy makersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attention and get it addressed. II. Policy Formation Policy formation is where the negotiation takes place among parties in order to satisfy various interests and eventually build a solid support. Policy formation may vary according to the nature of policy and the organizational structure in which it is made but often includes:[2] assembling information developing arguments developing alternatives persuading others In a health care context, policy formation is said to be influenced by a framework called the health policy triangle which was proposed by Walt and Gibson. The triangle presents a complex inter-relationship among context, actors and process.[3] Source: https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk Where, Actors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" these are the individuals within the organization whose actions affect the policy. Context à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" these are factors that may affect the policy: situational, structural, cultural and international.[4] Content à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the scope of the policy. Process à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the policy-making itself. Generally speaking, policy formation is the stage of policy-making process that involves consideration of the different factors and proposals in order to come up or form a clear cut policy. It is important to bring these factors into the scene so as to address any underlying opportunities that could hinder the implementation of the policy. The framework shown above may or may not apply to the actual setting but it sure informs us that the inter-relationship among the individuals or groups that affects the policy is a key point to take note of. III. Policy Adoption Policy adoption is the stage where the management adopts the policy and put it into recognition and effect. At this stage, the adopted policy may still be subject to revisions or reconstruction based on the inputs or influences of the various interests of involved individuals or groups. IV. Policy implementation Policy implementation is where the action and execution of the plan occur. Lineberry, American Public Policy, described policy implementation as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Policy making is the stage of policy-making between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for the people whom it affects. Also, implementation involves translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an operating, ongoing progr am.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (via macrothink.org)[5] The implementation stage also includes analysis of the possible scenarios that may arise be it best or worst. During this stage, a systematic approach is recommended from the implementation itself through identifying possible scenarios or issues and finally formulating action plans to address them. V. Policy evaluation Evaluation is the last step of the process. In this stage, several questions may be asked to measure or assess the crafted policy. A published study course of the California State University cited some questions which may be used in assessing or evaluating a policy: Was the problem correctly identified? Were all important aspects covered? Were recommendations properly implemented? Is the policy meeting the desired effect? Should there be any need for changes, revisions or redesigning, what should be done differently? According to the study course, if the desired effect of the policy was not met it is either of the two failures known as theory failure and program or implementation failure. [6] Where, Theory failure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this failure occurs when the policy was implemented however did not meet the desired effect or result. Yes, the policy was implemented as intended however it did not hit the specific target. This often occurs when the theory formulated to solve the problem is wrong or is not entirely applicable which may be a cause of not considering all factors that may affect the policy during the formation stage. Implementation failure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this failure occurs when the policy was not successfully implemented or executed. Lack of communication may be one of the causes which results to non-compliance of some of the participants that are expected to comply. [1] Asking à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Why?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  may (n.d.). Retrieved January 31, 2014, from Six Sigma, Six Sigma Tools Templates website, https://www.isixsigma.com/tools-templates/cause-effect/determine-root-cause-5-whys/ [2] Steinbach, Rebecca. (n.d.) Principal Approaches to Policy Formation. HealthKnowledge (Education, CPD and Revalidation from PHAST), https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity- policy/principle-approaches-policy-formation [3] Steinbach, Rebecca. (n.d.) Principal Approaches to Policy Formation. HealthKnowledge (Education, CPD and Revalidation from PHAST), https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity- policy/principle-approaches-policy-formation [4] Steinbach, Rebecca. (n.d.) Principal Approaches to Policy Formation. HealthKnowledge (Education, CPD and Revalidation from PHAST), https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/pub lic-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity- policy/principle-approaches-policy-formation [5] Noruzi, Mohammad Reza Irani, Farhad Nezhad Haj. (2011). Policy Affairs and Policy Implementation Issues; How Policy Implementation Can Be Effective?. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, (1)1, 3-4. Doi: 10.5296/jpag.v1i1.718 [6] Implementation, Monitoring Evaluation (n.d.). Retrieved February 01, 2014 from California State University Long Beach website, https://www.csulb.edu/~msaintg/ppa670/psch9.htm#POLICY EVALUATION

Native Writers And Intellectuals Presented The Time

Raquel Spencer Antebellum black writers and intellectuals presented the time as one that not only required defending the people’s rights to merely exist as citizens in America but also desperately called for proving that blacks were even a part of the human race. With scientific racism emerging out of the 18th century enlightenment, European influences on racial classification had permeated the minds of white slavery advocates and intellectuals. By using techniques simliar to classifying the animal kingdom, racist ideology provided generous and universally accepted rationalization for the popular idea that black men and women were inherently inferior and had natural incapacities. This ideology was used to justify and popularize black†¦show more content†¦For example, environmentalist defenses of the unity of mankind projected that men all have the same human characteristics. â€Å"Rather than equal before god, men were equal before their environment. The fact that all men became da rkened by exposure to the sun was of a significantly different order than the fact that all men came to face the justice of God.† At this point arguments based on overarching spiritual equality of all men would become increasingly rare. In it’s plaee, black ethnology became the main defense used by black thinkers and writers. Black intellectuals on a broad spectrum such as Russwurm, Douglass, Smith, Washington, Pennington, and a plethora of others claimed ancestry to Egypt and Ethiopia. In claiming the glories of both ancient civilizations black writers intended to counter the belief that blacks did not and could not produce any poets, mathemeticians, or anything above servanthood-ready individuals. White counterarguments consisted of two ideas: the curse of Ham and that egyptians were not black, and if there were blacks they were servents. Through the 19th century white southerners often spoke of AAs as the children of Ham and did not invoke this genealogy to tie the b lack race to egypt. white people had identified the Hamites as the negro people and viewed their color as a curse. this view was popular when presenting the negro as inferior by nature and a natural slave. southern

Stereotypes and Stereotyping of Characters of The Great...

The Stereotypical Characters of The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald is well known for being an excellent writer, for expertly describing the Jazz Age, and for having a drinking problem. However, he is not so well known for creating deep and intriguing characters. In The Great Gatsby, the majority of the characters remain one-dimensional and unchanging throughout the novel. They are simply known from the viewpoint of Nick Carraway, the participating narrator. Some insight is given into characters in the form of their dialogue with Nick, however, they never really become deep characters that are known and can be identified with. While all of the participants in the novel arent completely flat, most of the main characters†¦show more content†¦A Southern Belle marries whichever man her daddy tells her to- and that man usually has a great deal of money. Daisy is in love with money, ease, and material luxury, all things a rich Southern Belle grows up with. After her marriage to Tom, she is whisked away to the east, the symbol of old money and corruption of America. Here she becomes more comfortable in she and her husbands abundant assets and allows the corruption of the east to take her over- she becomes reckless and even more materialistic. She treats her own daughter as nothing more than an object to show off and treats Gatsby, the man who dedicated his life to seeking her out, as if he had never existed. The combination of the Southern Belle stereotype along with that of the corrupt Rich Easterner creates the perfect portrait of Daisy Buchanan. Only remember-west of the Mississippi its a little more look, see, act. A little less rationalize, comment, talk. (Fitzgerald) Pioneers of the western home front work hard to find the new opportunities and new lives they know exist for them. They seek out their goals to the bitter end, stopping at nothing in order to achieve their American Dream. 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Nepotism Definition. Define Nepotism - Governmentvs free essay sample

Nepotism is the act of using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family. This is what happens in Mary Barra’s company when her father wants her to bequeath his company to his daughter. There are some pros in the implementation of the nepotism. Firstly, members of one family who work for the same company have time together. Even if they occasionally bicker, working toward a single goal can be a unifying experience. Working with a family member also gives you the opportunity to see your relative in a new light and to appreciate talents you may not have known he possessed. This is what happens between Mary Barra and his father. His father seen Mary Barra grew and he thought that Mary Barra would one day become the CEO of his company and would be the first woman to lead a major U. We will write a custom essay sample on Nepotism Definition. Define Nepotism Governmentvs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S Car Manufacturer.Secondly, building a legacy. A parent who has worked his entire career in order to hand his company off to his children is likely to see nepotism as a good thing. After all, it was one of the things that motivated him to build his company. If his children or other family members are interested in being part of the business, they may see the practice as a good thing too. For example, When Mary Barra was a little, her father always takes her with him to his garage to tinker car. From that time, his father knew that her daughter would be the CEO his company. Then, in 2013, Mary Barra was chosen to lead his father company by Board Member of General Motors. The cons of nepotism are resentments. The difficulty arises when a relative who is unfairly promoted realizes that she is not respected by her co-workers. Once other employees of an organization have determined that the system is unfair and that less talented people are hired solely based on bloodline, there is likely to be resentment and that anger can splash back on the person who was promoted through nepotism. Secondly, potentially of weak employees. It is possible that the company is ill-served when a family member is automatically promoted to a position of authority. If there is someone who could do the job better and could help the company in a more meaningful way, nepotism can put the brakes on growth. Worse yet is when a family member is truly bad at his job but continues to hold it due to his familial relationship. A string of poor hiring choices will erode an organization’s ability to do business. Nepotism is an issue that can be very difficult to control once there are relatives or family members who hold key positions in organizations and who have the influence of who is hired and who is not hired. The term pull string will always be an issue in our society.